Application of Graph Neural Networks and graph descriptors for graph classification

Graph classification is an important area in both modern research and industry. Multiple applications, especially in chemistry and novel drug discovery, encourage rapid development of machine learning models in this area. To keep up with the pace of new research, proper experimental design, fair evaluation, and independent benchmarks are essential. Design of strong baselines is an indispensable element of such works. In this thesis, we explore multiple approaches to graph classification. We focus on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which emerged as a de facto standard deep learning technique for graph representation learning. Classical approaches, such as graph descriptors and molecular fingerprints, are also addressed. We design fair evaluation experimental protocol and choose proper datasets collection. This allows us to perform numerous experiments and rigorously analyze modern approaches. We arrive to many conclusions, which shed new light on performance and quality of novel algorithms. We investigate application of Jumping Knowledge GNN architecture to graph classification, which proves to be an efficient tool for improving base graph neural network architectures. Multiple improvements to baseline models are also proposed and experimentally verified, which constitutes an important contribution to the field of fair model comparison.Comment: Master's thesis submitted at AGH University of Science and Technolog

Na okrężnych drogach. Tłumaczenie literackie i jego światy Tadeusza Sławka – próba analizy i oceny

This article focuses on the concept of artistic translation from the point of view presented in the book entitled Na okrężnych drogach. Tłumaczenie literackie i jego światy by Tadeusz Sławek. The author of the book on the example of more than 80 essays presents the state-of-the-art of literary translation from many perspectives. Drawing on the works and achievements of authors not only from Poland but also from other countries, he synthesises cultural voices, and stresses the important role of the translation process in today’s world. This stance is especially interesting because of its innovativeness an unusual approach to the problem. The style of the author and the way he presents the problem in the context of publicly available views and opinions is the reason not only for its originality, but also leads to shedding some light on the broadly understood problem of translation in general. The short essay form allows the reader to focus on each issue and the author’s thoughts, thus giving a moment of reflection. The final part of this article focuses on an attempt to assess the discussed stance and present its values and factors, which in the course of research by outstanding translation scholars can result in the readers’ changed perception of translation, viewed not only as a process, but also as a component of constructing a certain social and political order, as well as being an indispensable element of building a global society. The views discussed in the article are worth special attention and are recommended to all persons interested in the art of broadly understood translation.Niniejszy artykuł nawiązuje do książki Tadeusza Sławka Na okrężnych drogach. Tłumaczenie literackie i jego światy wydanej nakładem wydawnictwa Karakter i Instytutu Kultury Miejskiej w Gdańsku w 2021 roku. Pochylając się nad tematem przekładu literackiego, dokonano próby analizy i oceny w świetle sztuki przekładu literackiego, a także skupiono się na elementach poetyki tekstu oraz sposobie ujęcia problematyki prezentowanej przez autora, które świadczą o innowacyjności omawianej pozycj

The influence of nutrients on the increased risk of developing endometriosis

Diet and nutrition are fundamental to women's health. This condition is affected by both deficiencies and excesses of nutrients. Nutrition affects gene expression, susceptibility to disease through various mechanisms. It affects the expression of genes by changing them, and also affects various diseases, including endometriosis. This disease is quite common and often has a negative impact on women's quality of life

ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE OF SWIMMERS AFTER ALTITUDE TRAINING (2,300 M ABOVE SEA LEVEL) IN VIEW OF THEIR BLOOD MORPHOLOGY CHANGES

The aim of the study was to estimate changes in blood morphology caused by participation of record-seeking swimmers in a high altitude training camp at 2,300 m above sea level and to assess their performance during major competitions before and after the camp. Eight swimmers (two females and six males) - record-holders and medallists of the Polish National Championships, as well as finalists and medallists of the European and World Championships and the Olympic Games (including a two-time holder of the world record) - were recruited. During the 2006/2007 season the athletes attended a training camp organized according to the principle “live high and train high”. The camp lasted 23 days and consisted of three micro-cycles of training, each of them with specific training objectives. Before and after participation in the training camp erythrocyte (red blood cells; RBC) count, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and haematocrit (Hct) were estimated at a hospital laboratory. Scores amassed by the examined athletes during major competitions were presented after their transformation into points based on the FINA (International Swimming Federation) tables for years 2005-2008. The best results (time for a distance) achieved during competitions organized before and after participation in the camp were regarded as reference points. Additionally, liquid balance of the body was monitored during 30 selected training units (15 in the morning and 15 in the evening). The response of the examined swimmers from the Polish Olympic Team to the high altitude training (at 2,300 m above sea level) was represented by an almost three-fold increase in blood reticulocyte count during the first micro-cycle of training as well as by an elevated erythrocyte count (by 14.4% and haemoglobin (by 13.5% and haematocrit (by 14.8% levels estimated after completion of the training, as compared to the results obtained before the camp. Six out of eight subjects improved their performance in major competitions organized after the training camp, and four of them broke their personal bests

Random packing of spheres in Menger sponge

Random packing of spheres inside fractal collectors of dimension 2 < d < 3 is studied numerically using Random Sequential Adsorption (RSA) algorithm. The paper focuses mainly on the measurement of random packing saturation limit. Additionally, scaling properties of density autocorrelations in the obtained packing are analyzed. The RSA kinetics coefficients are also measured. Obtained results allow to test phenomenological relation between random packing saturation density and collector dimension. Additionally, performed simulations together with previously obtained results confirm that, in general, the known dimensional relations are obeyed by systems having non-integer dimension, at least for d < 3.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Pregnancy in Caesarean Scar (CSP) - a Clinical Description of the Case

Early pregnancy, in the lower part of the uterus, in the Caesarean scar (CSP), is a type of ectopic pregnancy. It can cause serious complications if left untreated. CSP, with a positive embryo/foetal heart function, treated on a waiting list, has been associated with a high, maternal burden, haemorrhaging, early uterine rupture, hysterectomy and severe AIP.&nbsp; Some pregnancies, made the more complicated with CSP, can progress to term, making it difficult to decide whether termination of the pregnancy may be the only treatment option for these women. Expectant management in CSP, without cardiac activity, may be an option because of the low risk of maternal complications requiring immediate intervention. Nevertheless, close monitoring is recommended, in order to avoid complications in pregnant women. Endovaginal USG is the main method in the diagnosis of this disease, since it is not affected by external factors. Therefore, this type of ultrasound diagnosis has better diagnostic efficacy, in the case of this type of ectopic pregnancy CSP

Zespół rakowiaka: kliniczny opis przypadku rakowiaka: opuszki dwunastnicy, płuca, raka jasnokomórkowego nerki.

In recent years, bariatric surgery has been the most widespread and, at the same time, the most effective method in the treatment of obesity. It is the most effective therapeutic option for obese patients, but it is associated with a high risk of surgery and late complications related to hormonal disorders, hypoglycemia, osteoporosis, and malabsorption syndrome. In recent years, the number of bariatric surgeries involving independent medical procedures has increased.The patient and the doctors involved in the planned surgery and further treatment should be aware of the possible risks and complications related to pathological obesity and the treatment used. A gastric carcinoid (GC) called gastric neuroendocrine tumor is a rare tumor that originates in gastric enterochromaffin-like cells. More than 75% of GCs are visible changes in endoscopy, the remainder is in the mucosa and is not identified by endoscopy. Therefore, a stomach map with rectal and fundal biopsies is required to confirm its presence. In current NET classifications it is recommended that neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) pancreatic tumors and NET tumors elsewhere be classified as neuroendocrine tumors (NETs)Chirurgia bariatryczna w ostatnich latach jest najbardziej rozpowszechnioną, a zarazem najskuteczniejszą metodą w leczeniu otyłości. Jest najskuteczniejszą opcją terapeutyczną dla pacjentów otyłych, wiąże się jednak z dużym ryzykiem zabiegu operacyjnego, oraz powikłaniami późnymi związanymi z zaburzeniami hormonalnymi, hipoglikemią, osteoporozą, zespołem złego wchłaniania. W ostatnich latach zwiększa się liczba operacji bariatrycznych z udziałem niezależnych procedur medycznych. Pacjent oraz lekarze biorący udział w planowanej operacji i dalszym leczeniu powinni być świadomi możliwych zagrożeń i powikłań związanych z otyłością patologiczną i zastosowanym leczeniem. Rakowiak żołądka (GC) zwany guzem neuroendokrynny żołądka jest rzadkim nowotworem wywodzącym się z komórek enterochromafinopodobnych żołądka. Ponad 75% GC to widoczne zmiany w endoskopii, pozostała część znajduje się w błonie śluzowej i nie jest identyfikowana w badaniu endoskopowym. Dlatego wymagana jest mapa żołądka z biopsjami odbytu&nbsp; i dna żołądka, aby potwierdzić jego obecność. W aktualnych klasyfikacjach NET zaleca się, aby guzy neuroendokrynne (pNET) guzy trzustki oraz guzy NET w innych lokalizacjach, były klasyfikowane jako guzy neuroendokrynne (NET

Niedobór czynnika XI jako problem kliniczny podczas porodu – opis przypadku

Hereditary factor XI deficiency has been a mystery since its discovery in 1953. The most common mild symptoms in patients with the most severe form do not match the abnormalities in standard clotting tests. The contribution of factor XI to hemostasis is not adequately assessed in modern clinical laboratories. How does factor XI deficiency contribute to changes in blood clotting patterns, what is the genetics of this condition, and the relationship between its deficiency and bleeding? A new approach of gynecologists to childbirth in patients with factor XI deficiency. This article describes the case of a pregnant woman with hemophilia C.Dziedziczny niedobór czynnika XI jest zagadką od jego odkrycia w 1953 roku. Najczęściej występujące łagodne objawy u pacjentów z najcięższą postacią nie pasują do nieprawidłowości w standardowych testach krzepnięcia. Udział czynnika XI w hemostazie nie jest odpowiednio oceniany w nowoczesnych laboratoriach klinicznych. W jaki sposób niedobór czynnika XI przyczynia się do zmian w modelach krzepnięcia krwi, jaka jest genetyka w tym schorzeniu, związek jego niedoboru z krwawieniem? Nowe podejście ginekologów do porodu u pacjentek z niedoborem czynnika XI. Artykuł przedstawia opis przypadku ciężarnej z hemofilią C

History of caesarean section

Cesarean section is a obstetric procedure known since ancient times. It is mentioned in almost all ancient cultures. While until the 17th century it was performed mainly post mortem to retrieve an infant from the body of the deceased mother, today there are many indications for termination of pregnancy in this way. Literature provides references to earlier attempts to save the mother, but this happened only sporadically. The first record of a cc that both mother and child survived dates back to 1500. The development of science and medicine contributed to the dissemination and improvement of the methods used to extract a child by caesarean section. It was influenced by the development of operational, anesthetic and aseptic techniques. A milestone was the introduction of the Pfannenstiel – Kerr lower transverse incision method. Later, the Misgav-Ladach technique was introduced. Today, transverse incisions are most commonly used

Fetomaternal hemorrhage - case report

Maternal fetal leakage (FMH) is a well-known cause of fetal anemia. We define it as the transition of the fetal erythrocytes into the maternal circulation. Its severity is determined by measuring the level of fetal hemoglobin in the mother's blood using the Kleinhauer-Betke test or the cytometric method (FCM). The paper presents a case of a newborn with massive maternal-fetal leakage. The maternal blood Kleinhauer test result was greater than 5% of the fetal blood cells, and the initial neonatal hemoglobin level was 3.5 g / dl. Correct treatment of fetal anemia is presented. The additional studies performed allowed for the exclusion of other causes as a result of the extremely severe condition of the newborn after delivery. Early diagnosis of fetal-maternal leak and its treatment through execution